Relações Multiníveis e Inovação Sustentável: O Programa Veículo Elétrico da Itaipu Brasil

Andréa Torres Barros Batinga de Mendonça, Sieglinde Kindl da Cunha, Thiago Cavalcante Nascimento
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21529/RECADM.2018013

Texto completo:

PDF

Resumo

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as relações multiníveis e a transição para ecoinovação a partir do caso do Programa Veículo Elétrico da Itaipu Brasil. Argumenta-se que o processo de transição sociotécnica é influenciado por relações de coevolução nos níveis micro, meso e macro. Essa temática já é recorrente em pesquisas internacionais, mas percebeu-se que no Brasil ainda é pouco difundida. Devido à complexidade de relação entre os temas e o caráter longitudinal dessa pesquisa, optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratório-descritiva com estudo de caso em que foram coletados dados a partir da observação, entrevistas em profundidade e pesquisa documental. Os principais resultados evidenciam a importância de grandes organizações como agentes “empreendedores” e da formação de parcerias nos nichos tecnológicos como fatores que influenciam a criação das ecoinovações e que passam a modificar os valores compartilhados e as instituições dos agentes do nível meso, em um processo de influência bottom up. Além disso, as mudanças do nível macro exerceram pressão sobre os níveis meso e micro em um processo de influência top down.


Palavras-chave

multinível; transição; ecoinovação; sustentabilidade

Compartilhe

Referências


Andersen, M. M. (2006). Eco-Innovation Indicators. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency.

Andersen, M. M. (2008, junho). Eco-innovation: towards a taxonomy and a theory. Conference entrepreneurship and innovation: organizations, institutions, systems and regions, Copenhagen, Denmark, 25.

Arundel, A., & Kemp, R. (2009). Measuring eco-innovation. (Unu-merit working paper series No. 2009-017). Netherlands: United Nations University.

Bardin, L. (2011). Análise de conteúdo (3ª reimpressão da 1ª ed., Luís Antero Reto e Augusto Pinheiro, Trad.). Lisboa: Edições 70.

Bakker, S., Leguijt, P., & Lente, H. V. (2015). Niche accumulation and standardization: the case of electric vehicle recharging plug. Journal of Cleaner Production, 94, 155-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.069.

Bakker, S., Maat, K., & Wee, B. V. (2014). Stakeholders interests, expectations, and strategies regarding the development and implementation of electric vehicles: The case of the Netherlands. Transportation Research Part A, 66, 52-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.04.018

Baran, R., & Legey, L. F. L. (2011). Veículos elétricos: história e perspectivas no Brasil. BNDES Setorial, 33, 207-224.

Barassa, E. (2015). Trajetória tecnológica do veículo elétrico: atores, políticas e esforços tecnológicos no Brasil. Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências, Campinas, SP, Brasil.

Berkhout, F. (2010). Technological regimes, environmental performance and innovation systems: tracing the links. In: Weber, M. & Hemmelskamp, J. (Eds) Towards Environmental Innovation Systems. Berlin: Springer.

Berkhout, F. (2002). Technological regimes, path dependency and the environment. Global Environmental Change, 12(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(01)00025-5

Bossle, M. B., Barcellos, M. D., Vieira, L. M. & Sauvée, L. (2016). The drivers for adoption of eco-innovation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 113, 861-872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.033

Carrillo-Hermosilla, J., Gonzalez, P. D. R. & Konnola, T. (2009) Eco-innovation: when sustainability and competitiveness shake hands. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Ehsani, M., Gao, Y., Gay, S. E., & Emadi, A. (2005). Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles: fundamentals, theory, and design. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Fussler, C., & James, P. (1996). Driving eco-innovation: a breakthrough discipline for innovation and sustainability (1st ed.). London: Pitman Publishing.

Geels, F., & Raven, R. (2006). Non-linearity and expectations in niche-development trajectories: Ups and downs in Dutch biogas development (1973-2003). Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 18(3–4), 375–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320600777143

Geels, F. W. (2002). Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study. Research Policy, 31, 1257–1274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00062-8

Geels, F. W. (2004). From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory. Research Policy, 33(6–7), 897–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2004.01.015

Geels, F. W. (2006). Co-evolutionary and multi-level dynamics in transitions: The transformation of aviation systems and the shift from propeller to turbojet (1930-1970). Technovation, 26(9), 999–1016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2005.08.010

Geels, F. W. (2011). The multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions: Responses to seven criticisms. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 1(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2011.02.002

Geels, F. W. (2012). A socio-technical analysis of low-carbon transitions: introducing the multi-level perspective into transport studies. Journal of Transport Geography, 24, 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.01.021

Geels, F. W., Dudley, G., & Kemp, R. (2012). Findings, conclusions and assessments of sustainability transitions in automobility. In: Geels, F. W.; Kemp, R.; Dudley, F.; Lyons, G. (Eds.) Automobility in transitions? A socio-technical analysis of sustainable transport. (Vol. 1, Chap. 16, pp.335-373). New York: Routledge.

Geels, F. W., & Kemp, R. (2007). Dynamics in socio-technical systems: Typology of change processes and contrasting case studies. Technology in Society, 29(4), 441–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2007.08.009

Geels, F. W., & Schot, J. (2007). Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways. Research Policy, 36(3), 399–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.003

Genus, A., & Coles, A. M. (2008). Rethinking the multi-level perspective of technological transitions. Research Policy, 37(9), 1436–1445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.05.006

Hafkesbrink, J. (2007). Transition management in the electronics industry innovation system: systems innovation towards sustainability needs a new governance portfolio. In: Lehmann-Waffenschmidt, M. (Eds). Innovations towards sustainability: conditions and consequences. (Vol. 1, Chap. 3, pp. 55-86). Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag.

Hermans, F., Van Apeldoorn, D., Stuiver, M., & Kok, K. (2013). Niches and networks: Explaining network evolution through niche formation processes. Research Policy, 42(3), 613–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.10.004

ITAIPU (2018, fevereiro). Geração. Recuperado em 20 setembro, 2017, de https://www.itaipu.gov.br/energia/geracao.

ITAIPU & KWO Grimselstrom (2015, agosto). Veículo elétrico. Informativo veículo elétrico, (08), pp. 6-7. Recuperado em 20 setembro, 2017, de https://www.itaipu.gov.br/sites/default/files/informativo_ve_8_final.pdf.

Kemp, R. & Foxon, T. J. (2007, agosto). Typology of eco-innovation. In: Mei project: measuring eco-inovation. European Commission.

Kemp, R., & Rotmans, J. (2010). The management of the co-evolution of technical, environmental and social systems. In: Weber, M. & Hemmelskamp, J. (Eds) Towards Environmental Innovation Systems. (Vol. 1, Chap. 2, pp. 33-55). Berlin: Springer.

Kemp, R., Schot, J., & Hoogma, R. (1998). Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: The approach of strategic niche management. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 10(2), 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537329808524310

Levidow, L., Lindgaard-Jørgensen, P., Nilsson, A., Skenhall, S. A. & Assimacopoulos, D. (2016). Process eco-innovation: assessing meso-level eco-efficiency in industrial water-service systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 110, 54-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.086.

Lopolito, A., Morone, P., & Sisto, R. (2011). Innovation niches and socio-technical transition: A case study of bio-refinery production. Futures, 43(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2010.03.002

Markard, J., Raven, R., & Truffer, B. (2012). Sustainability transitions: An emerging field of research and its prospects. Research Policy, 41(6), 955–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.02.013

Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: a guide to design and implementation. Califórnia: Jossey-Bass.

Nascimento, T. C., Mendonça, A. T. B. B., & Cunha, S. K. (2012). Inovação e sustentabilidade na produção de energia: o caso do sistema setorial de energia eólica no Brasil. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 10(3), 647-651.

Nelson, R. R. (2006). Economic Development From the Perspective of Evolutionary Economic Theory. (Working Papers No. 2). Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estônia.

Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (2004). In Search of Useful Theory of Innovation. Revista Brasileira de Inovação, 3(2), 237-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rbi.v3i2.8648898

Nelson, R. R. & Winter, S. G. (2005). Um teoria evolucionária da mudança econômica. Coleção Clássicos da Inovação. (1st ed., Claudia Heller, Trad.). Campinas: Editora da Unicamp.

Nill, J., & Kemp, R. (2009). Evolutionary approaches for sustainable innovation policies: From niche to paradigm? Research Policy, 38(4), 668–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.01.011

Nilsson, M. & Nykvist, B. (2016). Governing the electric vehicle transition – Near term interventions to support a green energy economy. Applied Energy, 179, 1360-1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.03.056.

Raven, R. (2005, janeiro). Strategic Niche Management for Biomass. Technical University EIndhoven. Recuperado em 15 agosto, 2017, de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257926311_Strategic_Niche_Management_for_biomass_PhD_Thesis .

Reid, A. & Miedzinski, M. (2008, maio). Eco-innovation, final report for sectoral innovation watch. Brussels: Technopolis Group. Recuperado em 20 julho, 2017, de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301520793_Eco-Innovation_Final_Report_for_Sectoral_Innovation_Watch.

Rennings, K. (1998). Towards a theory and policy of eco-innovation: neoclassical and (co-) evolutionary perspectives (Discussion Paper No. 98-24). Mannheim, Germany: Centre for European Economic Research.

Safarzyńska, K., Frenken, K., & Van Den Bergh, J. C. J. M. (2012). Evolutionary theorizing and modeling of sustainability transitions. Research Policy, 41(6), 1011–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.10.014

Schot, J., & Geels, F. W. (2008). Strategic niche management and sustainable innovation journeys: theory, findings, research agenda, and policy. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 20(5), 537–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320802292651

Schumpeter, J. (1982). A Teoria do Desenvolvimento Econômico: uma investigação sobre lucros, capital, crédito, juro e o ciclo econômico. (Série Os Economistas, Maria Sílvia Possas, Trad). São Paulo: Abril Cultural.

Sheller, M. (2012). The emergence of new cultures of mobility: stability, openings and prospects. In: Geels, F. W.; Kemp, R.; Dudley, F.; Lyons, G. (Eds.) Automobility in transitions? A socio-technical analysis of sustainable transport. (Vol. 1, Chap. 9, pp. 180-202). New York: Routledge.

Silveira, A. D., Carvalho, A. D. P., Kunzler, M. T., Cavalcante, M. B., & Cunha, S. K. (2016). Análise do sistema nacional de inovação no setor de energia na perspectiva das políticas públicas brasileiras. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 14, Edição Especial, 506-526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395117320

Smith, A., & Raven, R. (2012). What is protective space? Reconsidering niches in transitions to sustainability. Research Policy, 41(6), 1025–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.12.012

Smith, A., Voß, J. P., & Grin, J. (2010). Innovation studies and sustainability transitions: The allure of the multi-level perspective and its challenges. Research Policy, 39(4), 435–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.01.023

Tamayo-Orbegozo, U., Vicente-Molina, M-A. & Oskar Villarreal-Larrinaga. (2017). Eco-innovation strategic model. A multiple-case study from a highly eco-innovative European region. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 1347-1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.174

Vaz, L. F. H., Barros, D. C., & Castro, B. H. R. de. (2015). Veículos híbridos e elétricos: sugestões de políticas públicas para o segmento. BNDES Setorial, 41, 295-344.

Wainstein, M. E. & Bumpus, A. G. (2016). Business models as drivers of the low carbon power system transition: a multi-level perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 126, 572-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.095

Walliman, N. (2006) Social Research Methods (1a ed.). London: SAGE Publications.

Xavier, A. F., Naveiro, R. M., Aoussat, A., & Reyes, T. (2018). Systematic literature review of eco-innovation models: Opportunities and recommendations for future research. Journal of Cleaner Production, 149, 1278-1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.145

Yin, R. K. (2010). Estudo de caso: planejamento e métodos (4a ed., Ana Thorel, Trad.). Porto Alegre: Bookman.




Licença Creative Commons
Esta obra está licenciada sob uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.