Towards the Circular Economy: Existing Synergy Among the Conceptual Definitions and the Appropriation for Brazilian Literature

Simone Sehnem, Susana Carla Farias Pereira
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21529/RECADM.2019002

Abstract

Circular economy has increasingly attracted attention of researchers, managers and governments. The dissemination of the concept is sometimes associated with the use of some technical terms of the new industrial revolution as being synonyms, but are these terms synonyms, complementary or do they just express different practices? To help clarifying these misunderstandings that occur in both academia and business practice, this paper presents conceptual guidelines on important terms of circular economy. The purpose of the study is to clarify the semantic and the conceptual differences of the terms: circular economy, spiral economy, cradle to cradle, double loop, closed loop, reverse logistics, life cycle analysis, upcycle and industrial symbiosis. The study is based on a categorization of Circular Economy literature and their related terms and translations for classic terms of management operations. Understanding the conceptual definitions and their origins is essential for developing knowledge in the area, as well as to disseminate such knowledge.


Keywords

circular economy; cradle to cradle; closed-loop; double loop; life cycle analysis; industrial symbiosis

Compartilhe

References


Abnt - Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (2009). NBR ISO 14.040: Gestão Ambiental - Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida - princípios e estrutura. Rio de Janeiro.

Alexander, C., & Reno, J. (2012). Economies of recycling: the global transformation, values and social relations. London: Zed Books.

Argyris, C. (1991). Teaching smart people how to learn. Harvard Business Review, 69(3), 99–109.

Argyris, C. (1976). Increasing Leadership Effectiveness. New York: Wiley.

Argyris, C. (1993). On Organizational Learning. Cambridge. MA: Blackwell.

Argyris, C., & Schon, D. (1974). Theory in Practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Argyris, C. (1982). Reasoning, Learning and Action. Individual and Organizational. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Argyris, C. (1993). Knowledge for Action. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Argyris, C., Putnam, R., & Smith, D. (1985). Action Science. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1996). Organizational learning II: Theory, method and practice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Ayres, R. U. (1989). Industrial metabolism: Theory and Policy. In Ausubel, J. H., & Sladovich, H. E (Ed.). Technology and the environment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Barry, J., Girard, G., & Perras, C. (1993). Logistics planning shift into reverse. Journal of European Business, 5(1), 34-38.

Beckley, D. K., & Logan, W. B. (1948). The retail sales person at work. New York: Gregg publishing.

Begon, M., Harper, J. L., & Townsend, C. R. (2007). Ecologia: de indivíduos a ecossistemas. Porto Alegre: Artmed.

Bilitewski, B. (2007, October). Circular Economy in Germany. Eleventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, Cagliari, Italy, 1-5.

Boulding, K.E. (1966). The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth. In Jarrett, H. (Ed.) Environmental Quality in a Growing (pp. 3-14). Baltimore, MD: Resources for the Future/Johns Hopkins University Press.

Bras, B., & Mcintosh, M. (1999). Product, process and organizational design forre-manufacture: An overview of research. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 15(3), 167–178.

Callenbach, E. (2001). Ecologia: um guia de bolso. Peirópolis, São Paulo, SP.

Carson, R. (1962). Silent spring. Cambridge, MA: Riverside.

Carter, C. R., & Ellram, L. M. (1998). Reverse logistics: A review of the literature and framework for future investigation. Journal of Business Logistics, 19(1), 85-102.

Chehebe, J.R.B. (1998). Análise do ciclo de vida de produtos: ferramenta gerencial da ISO 14.000. Rio de Janeiro: Qualitymark.

Chertow, M. R. (2000). Industrial symbiosis: Literature and taxonomy. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 25(1), 313–337.

Chertow, M., & Park, J. (2016). Scholarship and Practice in Industrial Symbiosis: 1989–2014. In: Clift, R., Druckman A. (Eds.). Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology (pp.87-116). Berlin: Springer.

Cooper, T. (2005). Slower consumption: Reflections on product life spans and the throwaway society. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 9(1–2), 51–67.

Cooper, T. (2010). Longer lasting products: Alternatives to the throwaway society. London: Gower.

Costa, I., & Ferrão, P. (2010). A case study of industrial symbiosis development using a middle-out approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(10-11), 984-922

Dowlatshahi, S. (2000). Developing a Theory of Reverse Logistics. Interfaces, 30(3), 143-155.

Eco-Innovation Observatory (2011). The eco-innovation challenge: Pathways to a resource-efficient Europe. Recuperado em 7 dezembro, 2017, de https://www.eco-innovation.eu/index.php/reports/annual-reports?...eco-innovation-challenge

Ellen Macarthur Foundation (2017). Circular Economy implementation in China. Recuperado em 7 dezembro, 2017, de https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/news/circular-economy-implementation-in-china

Ellen Macarthur Foundation (2017). Towards the Circular Economy: economics and business rationale for an accelerated transition. Recuperado em 7 dezembro, 2017, de https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/news/circular-economy-implementation-in-china

Ellen Macarthur Foundation (2017). Rumo a economia circular: o racional de negócio para acelerar a transição. Recuperado em 7 dezembro, 2017, de https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/news/circular-economy-implementation-in-china

Ellen Macarthur Foundation (2017). What is a circular economy? Recuperado em 7 dezembro, 2017, de https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy

Frosch, R., & Gallopoulos, N. (1989). Strategies for manufacturing. Scientific American. 261(3), 94–152.

Geng, Y., & Doberstein, B. (2010). Developing the circular economy in China: Challenges and opportunities for achieving leapfrog development. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology,15(3), 231-239.

Georgescu-Roegen, N. (1971). The entropy law and the economic process. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Giultinian, J. P., & Nwokoye, N. G. (1975). Developing distribution channels and systems in the emerging recycling industries. International Journal of Physical Distribution,6(1), 28-38.

Gregson, N., Crang, M, Fuller, S, & Holmes, H. (2015). Interrogating the circular economy: the moral economy of resource recovery in the EU. Economy and Society, 2(44), 218–243.https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2015.1013353

Harwood, R. (2017). Towards a spiral economy. Recuperado em 10 agosto, 2017, de https://www.100open.com/towards-a-spiral-economy/

Hipcycle. (2017). What is Upcycling, Anyway? Recuperado em 10 agosto, 2017, de https://hipcycle.com/what-is-upcycling

ISO - International Organization for Standardization. (2014). Environmental management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and framework. Recuperado em 15 agosto, 2017, de https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html

Jacobsen, B. N. (2006). Industrial symbiosis in Kalundborg, Denmark: a quantitative assessment of economic and environmental aspects. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 10(1–2), 239–258. https://doi.org/10.1162/108819806775545411

Jayaraman, V., Guid Jr., V.D. R., &Srivastava, R. (1999). A closed-loop logistics model for remanufacturing. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 50(5),497-508. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600716

Kulay, L. (2004). Uso da Análise de Ciclo de Vida para a comparação do desempenho ambiental das rotas úmidas e térmicas de produção de fertilizantes fosfatados. Tese de doutorado, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo.

Lancaster, M. (2002). Principles of sustainable and green chemistry. In: Clark, J., & Macquarrie D. (Eds.). Handbook of Green Chemistry and Technology. Oxford: Blackwell.

Laybourn, P. (2006). The development of the National Industrial Symbiosis Programme (NISP)—A case for publicly funded macro industrial symbiosis networks. Presentation to Intellegant: Made for the Future, Cambridge, UK, 12 March 2006.

Laybourn, P., & Morrissey, M. (2009). National Industrial Symbiosis Programme: The pathway to a low carbon sustainable economy. Kings Norton, UK: International Synergies Ltd.

Lei nº 12.305, de 2 de agosto de 2010. Recuperado em 13 agosto de 2017, de http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2010/lei/l12305.htm

Lombardi, R., & Laybourn, P. (2012). Redefining Industrial Symbiosis: Crossing Academic–Practitioner Boundaries. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 16(1), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00444.x

Lowe, E. A., & Evans, L. K. (1995). Industrial ecology and industrial ecosystems. Journal

Of Cleaner Production, 3(1–2), 47–53.

Lucas, K.R.G. (2015). Avaliação do ciclo de vida do óleo de girassol. Dissertação de mestrado, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioenergia, Londrina, PR, Brasil.

Luttwak, E. (1971). A dictionary of modern war. New York: Harper & Row.

Mathews, J. A., & Tan, H. (2011). Progress towards a circular economy in China: The drivers (and inhibitors) of eco-industrial initiative. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 15, 435-457. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00332.x

Mcdonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2013). The upcycle: beyond sustainability designing for abundance. New York: Melcher Media.

Mcdonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Cradle to cradle: remaking the way we make thinks. China: Melcher Media.

Meadows, D. H.; Meadows, D. L.; Randers, J.; Behrens III, W. W. (1973). Limites do Crescimento: Um relatório para o projeto do Clube de Roma sobre o dilema da humanidade. São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva.

Moriguchi, Y. (2007). Material flow indicators to measure progress toward a sound material-cycle society. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 9(2), 112-120.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-007-0182-0

Murphy, P. R., & Poist, R. P. (1989). Managing of logistics retromovements: an empirical analysis of literature suggestions. Transportation Research Forum, 29(1), 177–84.

Murray, A., Skene, K., & Haynes, K. (2017). The Circular Economy: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of the Concept and Application in a Global Context. Journal of Business Ethics. 3(140), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2693-2

Pearce, D. W., & Turner, R.K. (1990). Economics of natural resources and environment. Londres: Harvester Wheashealf.

Pinto-Coelho, R. M. (2002). Fundamentos em ecologia. Porto Alegre: Artmed.

Pohlen, T. L., & Farris, T. (1992). Reverse logistics in plastics recycling. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 22(7), 35-47.

Rebitzer, G, Ekvall, T., Frischknecht, R., Hunkeler, D., Norris, G., Rydberg, W., Schmidt, W.P., Suh, S., Weidema, B.P., & Pennington, D.W. (2004). Life cycle assessment. Framework goal and scope definition, inventory analysis and applications. Environment International, 5(30), 701-720.

Robert, K. H. (1991). The physician and the environment. Reviews in Oncology. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, 4(2), 1-3.

Rogers, D. S., & Tibben-Lembke, R. S. (1998). Going Backwards: Reverse Logistics Trends and Practices. University of Nevada, Reno.

Ropke, I. (2004). The early history of modern ecological economics. Ecological Economics, 50(1), 293-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.02.012

Ropke, I. (2005). Trends in the development of ecological economics from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. Ecological Economics, 55(2), 262-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.10.010

Seo, E. S. M., & Kulay, L. (2006). Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida: ferramenta gerencial para tomada de decisão. Revista de Gestão Integrada em Saúde do Trabalho e Meio Ambiente, 1(1), 1-23.

Stahel, W. R., & Reday-Mulvey, G. (1976). Jobs for tomorrow: The potential for substituting manpower for energy. DG Manpower, Brussels, European Commission. New York: Vantage Press.

Stock, J. (1998). Development and implementation of reverse logistics programs. Oak Brook: Council of Logistics Management.

Su, B., Heshmati, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). A review of the circular economy in China: moving from rhetoric to implementation. Journal of Cleaner Production,42(1), 215–227.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.020

Terry S.H. (1967). The retailer`s manual, Jennings Brothers. New York: Newark 1869.

The Global Development Research Center (2017). Defining Life Cycle Assessment. Recuperado em 15 agosto, 2017, de http://www.gdrc.org/uem/lca/lca-define.html

Tibben-Lembke, R. S., & Rogers, D. S. (2002). Differences between reverse and forward logistics in a retail environment. An International Journal of Supply Chain Management,7(5), 271-282. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540210447719

Triebswetter, U., & Hitchens, D. (2005). The impact of environmental regulation on competitiveness in the German manufacturing industry: A comparison with other countries of the European Union. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(7), 733-745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.01.009

Vahabzadeh, A. H., & Yusuff, R. B. M. (2015). A Content Analysis in Reverse Logistics: A review. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, 4(18), 329-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720510.2014.927605

Van Berkel, R., T.; Fujita, S., Hashimoto, S., & Fuji., M. (2009). Quantitative assessment of urban and industrial symbiosis in Kawasaki, Japan. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(5), 1271–1281. http: //doi.or/10.1021/es803319r

Webster, K. (2015). The circular economy: a wealth of flows. United Kingdom: Ellen MacArthur Foundation Publishing.

Yang, S., & Feng, N. (2008). A case study of industrial symbiosis: Nanning Sugar Co., Ltd. in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(5), 813-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.11.008

Youtube (2017). Cradle to Cradle: o conceito da economia circular. Recuperado em 17 maio, 2017, de https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ij3EIbc6otQ

Yuan, Z.W., Bi, J., & Moriguichi, Y. (2006). The Circular Ecology: A New Development Strategy in China. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 10(1-2), 4-8. https://doi.org/10.1162/108819806775545321

Zang, H.M. (2006). The Research on Theory of Governance and Application in the Circular Economy of Urban. Ph.D Dissertation, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Zimring, C. A. (2016). Upcycling in History: Is the Past a Prologue to a Zero-Waste Future? The Case of Aluminum. RCC Perspectives: Transformations in Environment and Society, 3, 45-52. https://doi.org/10.5282/rcc/7542.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.