Reducing General Measure of Enterprising Tendency (TEG-FIT) Scale Using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Item Response Theory (IRT)

Luis Anunciação, Sérgio Roberto da Silva, Fernando de Almeida Santos, J. Landeira-Fernandez
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21529/RECADM.2018008

Abstract

The rate of entrepreneurship in Brazil is increasing, which generates the need to measure this ability in an objective and standardized way. One of the instruments that has been increasingly used in Brazilian research is the "General measure of Enterprising Tendency" (GET), developed by Caird in the 1990s. However, GET is composed of 54 items, which inhibits its use in several contexts. That said, the aim of this work is to develop a shorter version of GET preserving its essential characteristics. Methodologically, there were two stages: initially, experts in entrepreneurship evaluated the content and the understanding of all items and afterward the responses were modeled by a 2 Logistical Parameters (2PL) model of Item Response Theory (IRT) using data from 147 participants. The final version was a unidimensional scale that measures entrepreneurship by 19 dichotomous items and it was called TEG-FIT. This study offers a new tool for the measurement of entrepreneurship.


Keywords

Entrepreneurship; Item Response Theory; Psychometrics; Management

Compartilhe

References


Ahmad, N., & Seymour, R. (2008). Defining Entrepreneurial Activity: Definitions Supporting Frameworks for Data Collection. OECD Statistics Working Paper. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1090372

Alexandre, N. M. C., & Coluci, M. Z. O. (2011) Validade de conteúdo nos processos de construção e adaptação de instrumentos de medidas. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 16(7), 3061–3068. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232011000800006

Alves, L. R. R., & Bornia, A. C. (2011) Desenvolvimento de uma escala para medir o potencial empreendedor utilizando a Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI). Gestão & Produção, 18(4), 775–790. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-530X2011000400007

Anunciação, L., Silva, S. R. da, Welita, M., & Landeira-Fernandez, J. (2017) Uma análise da capacidade empreendedora dos taxistas da cidade de santo andré analysis of the entrepreneurial ability of taxi drivers of Santo André. Empreendedorismo, Gestão E Negócios, 6(6), 45–54. Retrieved March 5, 2018, from http://fatece.edu.br/arquivos/arquivos revistas/empreendedorismo/volume6/3.pdf

Barros, A. A. de, & Pereira, C. M. M. de A. (2008) Empreendedorismo e crescimento econômico: uma análise empírica. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 12(4), 975–993. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-65552008000400005

Benedetti, M. H., Rebello, K. M. R., & Reyes, D. E. C. (2006) Empreendedores e Inovação: Contribuições para a Estratégia do Empreendimento. Revista Eletrônica de Ciência Administrativa - RECADM, 5(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5329/375

Caird, S. P. (1991) Testing Enterprising Tendency In Occupational Groups. British Journal of Management, 2(4), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.1991.tb00025.x

Caird, S. P. (1993) What Do Psychological Tests Suggest about Entrepreneurs? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 8(6), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949310047428

Cappelleri, J. C., Jason Lundy, J., & Hays, R. D. (2014) Overview of Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory for the Quantitative Assessment of Items in Developing Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures. Clinical Therapeutics, 36(5), 648–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.04.006

Croasmun, J. T., & Ostrom, L. (2011) Using Likert-Type Scales in the Social Sciences. Journal of Adult Education, 40(1), 19–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-011-9463-0

Cromie, S., & Callaghan, I. (2001) Assessing Enterprising Attributes — the Usefulness of Caird’S General Enterprising Tendency (Get) Test. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 4(2), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb020981

Cromie, S., Callaghan, I., & Jansen, M. (1992).The Entrepreneurial Tendencies of Managers: a Research Note. British Journal of Management, 3(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.1992.tb00031.x

Dal Molin Flores, A., & Santos, L. (2014) O Perfil Empreendedor dos Acadêmicos de Administração Em Uma Cidade do Sul do País. Revista Acadêmica São Marcos, 4(1), 71–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.02.001

Daniels, C., Herrington, M., & Kew, M. (2016). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2015/2016: Special Report on Entrepreneurial Finance. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Espíritu-Olmos, R., & Sastre-Castillo, M. A. (2015) Personality traits versus work values: Comparing psychological theories on entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1595–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.02.001

Foster, G. C., Min, H., & Zickar, M. J. (2017) Review of Item Response Theory Practices in Organizational Research. Organizational Research Methods, 20(3), 465–486. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428116689708

Frese, M., & Gielnik, M. M. (2014) The Psychology of Entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 413–438. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326

Furr, R. M., & Bacharach, V. R. (2008). Psychometrics: An Introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Galindo, M.-Á., & Méndez, M. T. (2014) Entrepreneurship, economic growth, and innovation: Are feedback effects at work? Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 825–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.11.052

Gathungu, J. (2014) Entrepreneurial Intention, Culture, Gender and New Venture Creation: Critical Review. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 4(2), 112–132. Retrieved March 5, 2018, from http://thejournalofbusiness.org/index.php/site/article/view/402

Iizuka, E. S., & Moraes, G. H. S. M. de. (2014) Análise do Potencial e Perfil Empreendedor do Estudante de Administração e o Ambiente Universitário: Reflexões Para Instituições de Ensino. Administração: Ensino E Pesquisa, 15(3), p.593. https://doi.org/10.13058/raep.2014.v15n3.16

Martins, G. A. (2006) Sobre confiabilidade e validade. Revista Brasileira de Gestao de Negocios, 8(20), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v8i20.51

Masson, L. F., McNeill, G., Tomany, J. O., Simpson, J. a, Peace, H. S., Wei, L., Bolton-Smith, C. (2003) Statistical approaches for assessing the relative validity of a food-frequency questionnaire: use of correlation coefficients and the kappa statistic. Public Health Nutrition, 6(3), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2002429

Muñiz, J., van der Linden, W. J., & Hambleton, R. K. (2008) Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory. New York: Springer Science.

Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention as developmental outcome. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.02.008

Pasquali, L. (1996). Teorias e Métodos de Medida em Ciências do Comportamento. Brasília: INEP.

Pasquali, L., Primi, R., & Francisco, U. D. S. (2003). Fundamentos da Teoria da Resposta ao Item – TRI Basic Theory of Item Response Theory – IRT. Avaliação Psicológica, 2(2), 99–110.

Peres-Neto, P. R., Jackson, D. A., & Somers, K. M. (2005). How many principal components? stopping rules for determining the number of non-trivial axes revisited. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 49(4), 974–997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2004.06.015

Primi, R., Muniz, M., & Nunes, C. H. S. S. (2009) Definições contemporâneas de validade de testes psicológicos (pp. 243–265). IN C. S. Hutz (Org.). Avanços e polêmicas em avaliação psicológica. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo.

Reise, S. P., & Revicki, D. A. (2015). Handbook of Item Response Theory Modeling: Applications to typical performance assessment. New York: Routledge.

Revelle, W., & Rocklin, T. (1979). Very Simple Structure: An Alternative Procedure For Estimating The Optimal Number Of Interpretable Factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 14(4), 403–414. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr1404_2

Rizopoulos, D., & Rizopoulos, M. (2013). Package “ltm.” URL Http://wiki. R-Project. Org/rwiki/. Retrieved December 21, 2017, from http://ftp.slackware.com/pub/cran/web/packages/ltm/ltm.pdf

Rosini, A. M., Anunciação, L. F. C., Silva, M. W. da, Silva, S. B. da, Silva, S. R., & Guberovic, S. R. (2016). A Relação entre o Nível de Empreendedorismo (TEG) e os Aspectos Sociodemográficos dos Taxistas Cooperados da Cidade de Santo André/São Paulo, Brasil. Revista Eletrônica Gestão E Serviços, 7(2), 1624–1648. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15603/2177-7284/regs.v7n2p1624-1648

Shane, S., Nicolaou, N., Cherkas, L., & Spector, T. D. (2010). Genetics, the Big Five, and the tendency to be self-employed. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(6), 1154–1162. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020294

Smallbone, D., Welter, F., & Ateljevic, J. (2014). Entrepreneurship in emerging market economies: Contemporary issues and perspectives. International Small Business Journal, 32(2), 113–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242613511479

Stormer, F. A., Kline, T., & Goldenberg, S. (1999). Measuring entrepreneurship with the General Enterprise Tendency (GET) Test: criterion-related validity and reliability. Human Systems Management, 18(1), 47. Retrieved December 21, 2017, from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=63b61d8f-6032-4396-a0b5-af00e44aad47@sessionmgr112&vid=3&hid=122

Suárez-Álvarez, J., & Pedrosa, I. (2016). Evaluación de la personalidad emprendedora: Situación actual y líneas de futuro. Papeles Del Psicologo, 37(1), 62–68.

Van Der Linden, W. J., & Hambleton, R. K. (1997). Item Response Theory: Brief History, Common Models, and Extensions. In Handbook of modern item response theory (eds W. van der Linden and R. Hambleton). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Van der Lingen, E., & Van Niekerk, G. (2015). Entrepreneurship traits of Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) students. The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, 7(1), 117. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v7i1.1

Zaharia, S. E., & Gibert, E. (2005). The Entrepreneurial University in the Knowledge Society. Higher Education in Europe, 30(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03797720500088038

Zampetakis, L. A., Bakatsaki, M., Litos, C., Kafetsios, K. G., & Moustakis, V. (2017). Gender-based Differential Item Functioning in the Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior for the Study of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Frontiers in Psychology, 8:451. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00451

Zanon, C., Hutz, C. S., Yoo, H., & Hambleton, R. K. (2016). An application of item response theory to psychological test development. Psicologia: Reflexão E Crítica, 29(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-016-0040-x




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.